The Different Lifestyle Issues that Affect Peoples Health

Introduction This essay discusses the different life style issues that affect people’s health. Many diseases and disorders result from lifestyle choices. Through life style changes, individuals can afford a life free from diseases. Physical exercise and proper relaxation have been identified as critical to avoiding stress, obesity and even other complicated conditions like cancer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Lifestyle Issues that Affect People’s Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By avoiding smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, individuals avoid associated diseases and social problems. This essay covers issues to do with stress, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, diabetes and cancer. For each of the mentioned issues, I consider the causes and best ways of stopping or limiting related destructive behavior. Stress Stress happens when we are stretched or straining. Straini ng can happen in the psychological, physical, emotional or mental self. When one thinks a lot, it will translate into stress. The same happens when one does too much physical activity. Stress can largely be associated with unhealthy lifestyles. Unhealthy lifestyles are characterized by overdoing of some things and neglect of given aspects of self. For example, people who over eat are likely to suffer from stress induced by effects of overweight. Stress often registers both as a feeling and a physical condition (Ratcliff 69). Some people realize they are stressed when they start to behave in certain awkward ways e.g. making simple mistakes at work. Stress induces sleeplessness, headaches, stomachaches, general tension in the body, general fatigue, bouts of anger, nervousness, lack of appetite, overeating, mood swings, loss of enthusiasm for life and unexplained anxiety (Ratcliff 52). The signs and symptoms vary from individual to individual. In extreme cases, individuals turn to drug abuse or alcoholic tendencies when stressed. To avoid stress, individuals have to learn to balance work and relaxation. Life is neither about work nor leisure. Everything has to be done in the right dose i.e. work hard but also relax enough. For students, stress management would require budgeting well for time. The timetables should allow for study time, physical exercise time and some time of pure relaxation. Tobacco Tobacco smoking has been practiced for a very long time. Many people smoke tobacco for pleasure. Smoking is an addiction that people take to out of influence especially from company. Tobacco has chemical properties so that when inhaled they activate the body and make the body alert (Connolly 22).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Smoking tobacco has been scientifically proved to be the cause of many breathes system related complications and cancer. Smoke particle p erforate the lungs in the long run leading to lung failure or lung cancers (Connolly 37). It is also known that tobacco smoke contains carcinogens which affect body cells making them cancerous. Widespread smoking is associated with advertisement or marketing campaigns by tobacco companies. In the advertisement, thought currently, highly restricted, smokers were depicted as the cool guys (Connolly 75). Smoking was associated with achievement or being super. Currently, despite antismoking campaigns, smoking continues. As an individual, I can not imagine myself smoking because there is no recorded benefit that one gains from smoking. More sensitization and legislation against tobacco smoking is a sure way of stopping and limiting smoking. Alcohol Alcohol is used almost world wide. Continued use of alcoholic drinks results in addiction and development of health problems. Individuals who are addicted to alcohol have a compulsion to be drunk always. Stress, socio-economic problems or frus tration is the key reason why people become alcoholics. Those who start taking alcohol at a young age are more likely to become alcohol dependent (Goodwin 18). Alcoholism has many negative effects in the life of an individual. Continued dependence on alcohol translates into an individual draining his or her finances. Alcohol is one of the greatest expenditure for alcoholics. Alcoholics develop ill health due to the effect of alcohol on the liver (Goodwin 10). There are also a number of cognitive problems associated with excessive consumption of alcohol. Alcoholics also develop negative social behavior e.g. withdrawing from social activity, becoming abusive and intolerant. In the extreme conditions, alcoholism makes individuals to develop suicidal behavior; when drunk, the fear of doing the unthinkable is found. Furthermore, alcoholics tend towards violence and such deviance as rape or other crimes. Alcoholism is managed through use of medicines and therapy (Goodwin 133). It is consi dered that given the effects of alcohol on the body, detoxification or purification is necessary. Group therapy or counseling is necessary to help people confront and acknowledge that alcoholism is a problem they have. Group therapy is encouraging as it helps one realize there are others suffering from the same but breaking from it is possible. The best way of dealing with alcoholism is avoiding alcohol completely.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Lifestyle Issues that Affect People’s Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Drugs Drug abuse is use of generally associated with use of certain drugs that make an individual psychoactive or enhances performance (Abadinsky 2). There are a number of drugs that produce unhealthy reactions in the human body. They suppress the nervous system, induce over secretion of fight or flight hormones, or generally lead to over-excitement. In the long run, such drugs either impair ones mental capacity or physical performance. Examples of such drugs include opium, cocaine, heroine etc. although the drugs, on the short term, induce a happy feeling in the user; in the long run they are addictive and affect the individual adversely. Drug abuse often causes individuals a lot of problems. When found out, drug abuse often carries some form of criminal penalty. People who abuse drugs also have high propensity towards violence, unprotected sex, lawlessness, crime, and suicide. Drug abuse also leads to addiction or dependence that makes individuals virtually unproductive. It has been proved that some drugs when used cause physiological damage to the brain and the nervous system (Abadinsky 18). Many psychiatric problems result from drug abuse e.g. smoking of bhang. Generally, efforts to limit or control abuse of drugs are effected through legislation and harmful effect sensitization. It is criminal to handle or use certain substances such as heroine or cocaine (Abadinsky 37). Government, non governmental organizations and even religions do a lot to sensitize community against drug abuse. As an individual, being principled and avoiding peer pressure comes in handy in avoiding the drug abuse traps. Diabetes Diabetes is a condition that results in the body not being able to regulate blood sugar. This is caused by the pancreas producing less or too much insulin (Moran and Merriman 3). Due to the insulin available being in abnormal amount, it does not work properly producing an abnormal condition in the body. This happens when one eats too many sugary food stuffs, due to bacteria attack or exposure to chemical toxins. Although diabetes is sometimes inherited, many cases of the disease are acquired due to lifestyle related issues. Eating of sugary things contributes in a big way to occurrence of diabetes cases (Moran and Merriman 41). From very early ages, parents often find themselves trapped in appeasing their children with sweet t hings as cakes and sweets. However, these sweet foods only increase blood sugar to the level where the pancreas becomes overworked or the insulin produced is not enough to facilitate breakdown of sugar. Lack of physical exercise also contributes in a big way to sugar levels going high (Moran and Merriman 73). Physical exercise uses energy which is obtained from breakdown of sugar thus leading to reduction of blood sugar levels.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To avoid diabetes, one has to regulate the amount of sugary foods he or she takes. Physical exercise is critical for proper metabolism and catabolism in the body. This helps towards breakdown or use of much blood sugar, reducing risk of overworking pancreas. Cancer Cancer refers to a condition when body cells grow uncontrollably forming a lump called a tumor. There are different kinds of tumor that register in the body in different ways. Some cancerous cells (cells that are growing abnormally and replicating out of control) spread around the body while others are often localized. When cancerous lumps or tumors form, they affect the normal flow in the body. They normal destroy the body system within which they grow. Cancer is believed to be hereditary i.e. it inherited through the genetic disposition in families. Old age is the second uncontrollable factor that disposes people to cancer. In old age the immune system becomes weaker and possibility of cell mutations I higher. However, it also largely depends on exposure to certain risks in life. Carcinogens are known to increase likelihood of getting cancer as they damage DNA thus leading to cells growing uncontrollably (Anderson 29). Smoking is widely believed to be the number one contributor to carcinogens presence in the human body. Carcinogen is also accessed through inhaling exhaust fumes. Many sexually transmitted disease causing viruses are also closely associated with cancer and they lower body immunity. Eating a poor diet puts an individual at the risk of cancer because body immunity and proper cell formation is depended on diet. Lack of exercising and obesity are associated with cancer because proper functioning of body is affected. Cancer can be prevented through avoiding of certain destructive behaviors. Smoking and drinking alcohol only raise the risks of getting cancer. Individuals have to avoid expressing themselves to the chemicals and radiation that is also associated with cell mutation (Anderson 123). Individuals have to eat right because health largely depends on what individuals eat. Conclusion This essay considers the different destructive behaviors that people engage in. From the different issues discussed, it is clear that lifestyle choices play a critical role in ensuring health living. It is advisable that individuals eat well, avoid smoking, resist any form of drug abuse, do physical exercises and avoid exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation to avoid risk of disease or other social defects. Works Cited Abadinsky Howard. Drug Abuse: An Introduction.3rd Ed. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1997 Anderson, Greg. Cancer: 50 Essential Things to Do. 3rd Ed. New York: Plume, 2009. Connolly, Sean. Tobacco. Mankato: Black Rabbit Books, 2006. Goodwin, Donald W. Alcoholism, the Facts.3rd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000 Moran, Katherine, and Merriman Lisa. Diabetes: The Ultimate Teen Guide.  New York:Scarecrow Press, 2004 Ratcliffe, Gail. Take Control Of Your Li fe: The Five Step Stress Management Plan. London: Simon Schuster, 1995 This essay on The Different Lifestyle Issues that Affect People’s Health was written and submitted by user Luka Silva to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

article of confederation essays

article of confederation essays The ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation was pulling the country apart by the end of the 1780s. It needed improvement in each genre of its structure. In foreign policy, politically, and economically, the country was in a state of collapse. Politically, the writers of the Articles of Confederation forgot two of the three-branch government, the executive and judicial branches. In foreign policy, the country was not respect by any of its peers and could not create an effective treaty. Finally, economic stability was non-existent. The country could not collect taxes, pay debts, or trade effectively. Amidst the chaos, there were few shinning lights in the darkness of the period. One such event was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. These many flaws threw the country in to a state of disarray between 1781 and 1789. Politically, the weight of government was tilted to one side instead of being balanced. The Legislative branch was the chief agency with the extremely important executive and judicial branches left up to each individual state. Each state had only one vote in the Congress, which may seem fair, but population wise, it was totally unbalanced. Any bill or amendment had to be approved by two-thirds vote or unanimously. These rules made it virtually impossible to change any aspect of the Articles. With no executive branch, the government could not enforce any laws or taxes that were actually passed. As expressed in Document C, the executive branch could not collect the money to pay the armys soldiers. This government was in actuality no more than an advisor to the states. Furthermore, with the judicial branch being left up to every state, there was no uniform interpretation of the new laws or constitution, which made traveling between difficult. The government under the Articles co uld not enforce laws, collect taxes, or even protect itself from threats. ...

Argument Analysis about The Moral Instinct by Steven Pinker Essay

Argument Analysis about The Moral Instinct by Steven Pinker - Essay Example He asserts that the distinct patterning of brain activity displayed in this and other experiments illustrates an instinctive moral sense that exists organically in the human brain, â€Å"hardwired† in a manner similar to how other theorists have posited grammar as fundamental to human instinct, yet distinct from other types of mental and emotional activity. Pinker invokes â€Å"history’s best-thought-through moral philosophies, including the Golden Rule (itself discovered many times); Spinoza’s Viewpoint of Eternity; the Social Contract of Hobbes, Rousseau and Locke; Kant’s Categorical Imperative; and Rawls’s Veil of Ignorance... (as well as) Peter Singer’s theory of the Expanding Circle,† numerous scientific studies from psychology, neuroscience, sociology, and other disciplines to build his thesis from authoritative sources of reference, yet ultimately fails to prove conclusively why his hypothesis is differentiated from pure supposi tion. (Pinker, 2008) For example, in ‘The Moral Instinct,’ Pinker writes: â€Å"According to Noam Chomsky, we are born with a ‘universal grammar’ that forces us to analyze speech in terms of its grammatical structure, with no conscious awareness of the rules in play. By analogy, we are born with a universal moral grammar that forces us to analyze human action in terms of its moral structure, with just as little awareness. The idea that the moral sense is an innate part of human nature is not far-fetched. A list of human universals collected by the anthropologist Donald E. Brown includes many moral concepts and emotions, including a distinction between right and wrong; empathy; fairness; admiration of generosity; rights and obligations; proscription of murder, rape and other forms of violence; redress of wrongs; sanctions for wrongs against the community; shame; and taboos.† (Pinker, 2008) Symbolically, Pinker begins his essay by introducing historical figures or pop culture

Definition of Faith Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of Faith - Research Paper Example The Bible describes faith as â€Å"substance of things that are hope for and also as the evidence of things that cannot be seen. The description of the Bible shows that faith entails believing that something will happen and also the fact that there is confidence in something that exists even if it cannot be seen. Faith, therefore, focuses on religious issues and sacred believes that certain things like God exist even if we cannot see Him. This leads to beliefs in the existence of God and the infinite wonders of nature that were created. It also expresses confidence that a certain idea, person or a thing is true and should be trusted without a doubt. The fact that people also have confidence in another human being or a thing reveals acts of faith. There are also principles and doctrines that are held as true especially by believers and the express faith and loyalty towards a certain being, idea or a thing. Thus faith can be described as a strong and unwavering belief that something i s real even without evidence (Deighton 73). Faith is not only based on religious practices but also on scientific explanations and events that affect the lives of human beings. For instance, in science, there are certain things that people believe they exist but they have never seen them. Electricity is one of the examples that can be outlined. People believe in the existence of electricity but they have never seen it. The universe is full of inspiring infinite and complicated phenomena that have been extensively been outlined to people through the use of books and other resources. However, since the knowledge of human beings constitutes a small fraction of the universe’s knowledge, people are made to believe in the existence of various phenomena through the construction of certain perspectives in their minds to form the picture of the  universe.

Abortion Should Be Made Legal or Illegal Research Paper

Abortion Should Be Made Legal or Illegal - Research Paper Example Abortion clinics are the only medical personnel who have a â€Å"constitutional right† to suppress information even when directly asked by the patient (Szafran and Arthur 284). This right is apparently allowed so that â€Å"conscientious physicians† might ‘protect’ women from being frightened by the risk they face or upset by what the abortion process will do to their unborn children. It is solely up to the pleasure of the abortionist or his representative to decide how much information he chooses to give. Most women need support and not an abortion. According to Frederica Mathewes, no woman wants an abortion as she wants an ice-cream cone or a Porsche. She wants an abortion as an animal, caught in a trap, wants to gnaw off its own leg. Pregnant women do want and need support (Wade). While pro-choicers often say that an abortion is a woman’s choice, for numerous women it doesn’t feel like one. Indeed, abortion often seems like the only choice. Most women think that pregnancy will mean loss of vital resources. This is because they lack support. Most women take abortion because they think of it as the only way out. Abortion is not an act of love. Many women say that they want to be good parents and that it is not the right time and that’s why the abort. Women say that they are not prepared for a child but still want the best for the child.

Theories of Communication in Education

Theories of Communication in Education The application of theories, principles and models of communication in education and training Introduction: Communication is a process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and a means that individuals or organizations share the meaning and understanding with one another. 2.1. Analyse theories, principles and models of communication: Two schools of thoughts are recognised in the study of communication and these include: The Semiotics School: The basis for semiotics was laid by Morris-1946, for languages or symbols theory. This school deals with communication as a mixture of sign, symbol and message, which the sender wishes to carry and wants a particular reaction from the recipient of the messages-the sign itself. The semiotics schools focus is categorised into three areas of general study: syntactic (study of relationship between symbols), semantics (study of symbol to referent relationship) and pragmatics (study of relationship of people with symbol). The Process School: perceivescommunication as a process, a simple messages transmission and meanings which the sender intends to carry not minding the reaction of the. Instances include art works, culture and music since messages are not formed with any reason, but as an expression of the senders thoughts. The recipient can translate the message the way he wants. The process school of thought is also called Linear School. Communication Theories: Some studies are based on the influence of communication and media on the human society. One of the earliest studies in this group is: Hypodermic/Bullet Theory: whichrelies on the powerful principle of media and its consumers are passive and naÃÆ'Â ¯ve. Furthermore, it states that messages passing through media are like magic bullets which strikes the audience as quickly as possible but also impacts them to carry the required action as quickly as possible. Two Step Flow of Information Theory: Paul Lazaefled Elihu Katz, Berelson and Hazelduadet were at the forefront of this theory which states that mass media did not exert the types of impact on the audience as was generally believed. The audience came to an agreement not directly under the impact of mass media but more by means of association amongst themselves. This was the finding of an investigation carried out in the 1940s during Americas presidential elections. Models of Communication: Aristotles Model: This model was developed some 2000 years ago. Aristotle (the Greek philosopher) includes in this model the five necessary factors of communication: Speaker, Speech/message, Audience, Effect and Occasion. Aristotle suggests that the speaker should construct a speech for separate audiences on separate instance for separate purpose. This model is applied in public speaking. Lasswells Model (1948): states that for mass communication process to be understood, each of the phases has to be understood. This model elaborates on the effect instead of the message itself. Effect implies observable change in the receiver. It also proposes that any change in the elements will change the effect. Shannon and Weavers Model (1949): also termed the engineering model of communication is an exemplary of the process school of thought. It is also known as the mathematical theory of communication as it gave a technique to the problem of how to convey maximum information in a given channel. It proposed the noise concept. As engineers during World War II, Shannon and Weavers main challenge was in finding out the most efficient human communication means. Newcombs Model- 1953: This is the premier of the models to propose the function of communication in a society. The main function in accordance with Newcomb is to sustain equilibrium in a society. For example: Tutors come up with a new policy of increasing the school timing from 5 hours to 7 hours. A Teachers B Learners X Policy or issue If both learners and tutors are okay with this policy then the communication maintains its equilibrium status between them. Else the communication flow between A and B becomes trouble in the social system. If A or B is not willing to accept the policy then it will directly impact the social system and cant maintain the equilibrium status. So TutorsA can convince learners B as much as possible. Else they have to make some amendments in the Policy X and convince them towards the policy. Charles E. Osgoods Model- 1954: In this case, communication is a dynamic process where a healthy interactive association exist between the source and the receiver. Wilbur Schramms Model: Schramm continued from a simple human communication model to a more complex model that justified the total experiences of two people trying to engage in communication and then to a model that considered human communication with interaction between two people. In his second model, Schramm suggests the idea that only what is shared in the aspects of experience of both source and destination is actually communicated, because only that size of the signal is common to both of them. The third model views communication as an interactive process where both the receiver and the sender act as encoder, interpreter, transmitter and receiver of signals. It is a Circular Model, so that communication is something circular in nature. 2.2. Ways in which theories, principles and models of communication can be applied to teaching, learning an assessment Different people respond to different forms of communication, when we teach we give consideration to the varying types of learners, Visual, Aural, Readers, Kinaesthetic (VARK), we try to design our lessons to include all of the styles. Learners learn in different ways depending on the results produced by a sensory input. Making reference to a condition known as synaesthesia, in which one sensory input produces unexpected results for instance, a synaesthete may see the colour red when they see the number 2 and blue if they see number 3, in some cases sound caused a visual effect for the synaesthete. This may explain why one person responds better when information is given in a verbal format, another responds better if it is visual and so on. The connections between these different sensory areas of the brain mean that we all have our own unique way of perceiving what is being taught or communicated. This allows for empathy with learners of different styles and this is a good reason to consider how to communicate to learners with different learning styles. Communication is the art of successfully sharing meaningful information with people by means of an interchange of experience. The important word is successfully, which implied that a desired behaviour change results when the receiver takes the message (Walklin 1993, p. 164). According to Walklin, it is not enough to communicate the instructions, it is also important to deliver praise or constructive criticism in order to encourage and guide the learner into new discovery, if you ask the learner to complete a task a feeling of accomplishment will encourage behaviour conducive to further learning. This is essential to me when teaching as my own learners can often be hostile to the learning process, feeling it has been imposed upon them. It is also important to listen to the students, if you set tasks that are above the students current abilities then you are likely to create a communication barrier whereby the student will close in on themselves not wishing to admit they cannot continu e and the learning process will stop. Achieving two way communications with our learners is not straightforward. Barriers can often present themselves. It is crucial that a tutor can identify barriers and help learners overcome them. Petty (2009) proposes that unsuitable level of work, jargon, vocabulary, environmental factors, fear of failure and inapproachable tutor can be barriers to learners learning experience. Whilst I agree in principle to this, I also believe that introducing new vocabulary and language usage is necessary to the learners further development. Reference: Ars Rhetorica. Edited by W.D.Ross. OCT. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1959. Bizzell, P. and Bruce Herzberg. (2000). The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. NY: Bedford/St. Martins. p. 3. Chomsky, Noam (1956) , Three models for the description of language. Ire Transactions on Information theory, 113-124. Golden, James L., Goodwin F. Berquist, William E. Coleman, Ruth Golden and J. Michael Sproule (eds.). (2007). The rhetoric of Western thought: From the Mediterranean world to the global setting, 9th ed. Dubuque, IA (USA): p.67. Gross, Alan G. and Arthur E. Walzer. (2000). Rereading Aristotles Rhetoric. Carbondale, IL (USA): Southern Illinois University Press: Lasswell, Harold D. (1948) The Structure and Function of Communication in Society. Morris, C. (1946) REVIEWS. Signs, Language, and Behavior. New York, Prentice. Hall Inc., Pp. xi, 365. Murphy, John J. (1983). Introduction, Peter Ramus, Arguments in Rhetoric against Quintilian. C. Newlands (trans.), J. J. Murphy (ed.). DeKalb IL (USA): Univ. of Illinois Press. Petty G (2009) Teaching Today (4th Edition), Nelson Thornes. Shannon,C Weaver, W (1949), The mathematical theory of communication, University of illinois press: Urbana. Scramm, W. (1954) Procedures and effects of mass communication in Henry, N.B.(1954)Mass, media and education: University of chicago Press: Chicago. Walklin, A. (1993) Teaching and Learning in Further and Adult Education. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes (publishers) Ltd.

freeclo Comapring Free Will in A Clockwork Orange and Freedom and the

Free Will in A Clockwork Orange and Skinner's Freedom and the Control of Man      Ã‚   Socrates once said, "Know thyself," and over two thousand years later we're still perplexed with the complexities of human behavior. The concept of free will has been debated and challenged by science, religion, and philosophy throughout history. By free will, I mean our ability to choose and behave as we wish, without our choices being determined by outside sources. Such a notion has been discussed and disputed by philosophers like B.F. Skinner, Robert Kane, William Lycan, and Richard Hanley in very different ways.    In order to better understand the arguments of Skinner and Kane, we must first understand the concept of determinism. Determinism is the idea that all events are caused, occurring only as effects of causes before them. For example, the event of my bringing an umbrella to work was caused, or determined, by a rainstorm or perhaps by the day's weather forecast predicting rain. Whatever the reason, determinism follows that a later event is inevitable due to its earlier cause. If true, determinism holds that the future is fixed and unchangeable, in much the same way the past is unchangeable in time travel. If true, determinism leaves only one possible effect for each subsequent event. Influencing the ideas of determinism is the religious conception of predestination. Here the idea is that God has determined beforehand who will go to heaven and hell and nothing can be done to change the fixed and determined outcome. Predestination has been criticized by some because it seems to lead to fat alism. If our destinies are already decided, we seem to lack the free will to control our future. But believers in predestination believe tha... ...ve it or we don't, whether it's determined or not, the notion of free will can help us better understand why we behave as we do. Perhaps someday, with our understanding of free will, we'll be able to do what Socrates recommended long ago.    Works Cited Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange. New York, NY: W W Norton & Company. 1986. Kane, Robert. Selections from The Significance of Free Will. http://www.iusb.edu/~lzynda/scifi/kane.html. Lycan, William. Consciousness. http://www.iusb.edu/~lzynda/scifi/lycan.html. Hanley, Richard. The Metaphysics of Star Trek. Chapter 3 "Pro Creation" [Abridged] http://www.iusb.edu/~lzynda/scifi/hanley.html. Persons Handout. X100/220. Philosophy, Science, and Science Fiction. The Concept of a Person. Skinner, B.F. "Freedom and the Control of Man." http://www.iusb.edu/~lzynda/scifi/skinner.html.   

Effects of Societal Changes in Management Practices Essay

Companies are faced with the need to uplift competitive standards through implementation of measures that take care of the demands and challenges brought about by societal changes. The changing societal trends should be accompanied by changes in management practices. The changes covers the areas of responsibilities such as strategic planning, reinforcing the values and ethical issues of the company, analytical work, training employees and the adoption of the relevant technologies which can reduce the workloads on employees. Much effort should also be geared towards the retention of the employees (Duckier, 2006). The management has the responsibilities to foresee the future labor requirements projected through the use of techniques such as environmental scanning. Information from journals, mass media, potential think tanks, public opinion surveys, research, NGOs among other sources are of positive contribution for an environmental scanning (Duckier, 2006). Demographic Changes  Societal aspects related to demographic changes include age, social class, gender, fertility rates, mortality rates and family mobility. Demographic factors include increasing life expectancy of people, immigrants into the society, aging population, baby boomers approaching retirement and generation diversity among others all of which are associated with some demands. Increased life expectancy has led to employees working longer as a result of increased healthier lives. Financial concerns further extend their working life. Ageing in population as a demographic factor, affects economic, political environmental physical as well as cultural aspects in the society and workplace. Health provision and other social services and the company’s potential to pay for them are affected by population ageing (Society for Human Resource Management, 2003). Social Changes Social Changes are mostly caused by advance in technology. In an effort to adapt the upcoming technology there arises some economic imbalance between some agents (Society for Human Resource Management, 2003). Diversity has a vast range of concept ranging from personality and work style to all of the visible dimensions such as race, age, ethnicity or gender, to secondary influences such as religion, socio-economics and education, to work diversities as management and union, functional level and classification, or proximity to headquarters. Today’s impetus behind workplace diversity is compliance and inclusion in the business. The collaboration of cultures, ideas and different perspectives brings greater creativity and innovation resulting to improved organizational performance. Today’s paradigm is integration, learning and promotion of equal opportunities and value cultural differences, using talents of all employees to gain diverse work perspective. Diversity caused by immigrants, participation of women in the workplace and the aboriginal populations causes some considerable pressures in the workplace (Society for Human Resource Management, 2003). The management is faced with the duty of training the immigrants ranging from the internal language to the internships in the workplace. The management is also entitles to recognize credentials of the immigrants of their alien countries. Disabled employees are another aspect of diversity. The number of disabled employees increases with age, while more women than men are disabled. The issue of disability in the workplace calls for the management to face accommodation issues and offer more flexible schedules for work delivery (Frederick, 1996). Ethnic minorities have become significant inclusions into the labor market making diversity brought about by culture a significant component of a global labor market. The diversity brought about by culture has therefore called for some strategic management approaches to facilitate the retention of the talents in the workplace. Culture is a significant factor in the process of talents hiring keeping and development in the organization. The process involved in management becomes acceptable and effective due to the influence of the people making applications and prospecting to join the organization hailing from diverse cultures. Culture is also a potential moderator of the relationships in the organization (Stone, Stone-Romero & Lukaszewski, 2007). Implications in management practices Implications of this societal changes in the company requires the following roles in the management practices Developing and Implementing HR plans: Management practices should focus on assignments as well as opportunities involving the required number of people, specific place and time, peoples qualifications, their growth needs, development and rewarding the employees. Competencies involving the skills and inherent knowledge of the workers are utilized for a successful performance. It involves the already existing, competencies required for the future, those that can be avoided and whether the company will hire or develop the needed talents. Behaviors reflect attitudes of employees, the organizational values, detrimental behaviors to the company, whether there is need of behavior elimination or behavior modification and the behaviors that affect the customer. Employees should work longer hours, work in a more smatter way or be more hardworking, motivation is important towards retention of the worker and the degree of reliability. Managers should also conduct a review and focus of results achieved. The results serve as a guide for required corrections and setting future paces of duty and task performance (Jones, 1991). Recruiting and Retention of Employees: In majority of organizations retention of talents acquired overtime is important for the purpose of the company’s viability and attaining a market competitive advantage. Many workers complain of lack of opportunities for advancement of their careers, unsatisfactory pay and overburdening workloads. These have been causes of adverse talents turnover. To overcome these, the company should strive to make all efforts towards retention of their qualified and skilled employees achieved through motivation. Company managers should appreciate the existing competition brought about by globalization. The impacts of retention on the performance of the company have been found to be desirable. Turnover has been attributed to adverse relationship between the task performing workers and their managerial staff. The company should thus initially identify the right talents for specific duties followed by all efforts to retain the talent. In the efforts to sustain the business, the employees should be made satisfied since â€Å"people management is the next frontier for extracting and crafting more value from company assets† (Jones, 1991, 16). The talents turnovers are never caused by issues of compensation packages and the relevant benefits entitled to the employees but rather a management issue. Three key areas requiring concentration by the company are the process of the company and the inherent structure, the developments of the people and a conducive environment of working for the employees. It is a great loss to the company in a situation where a talent is hired, internal training offered and all the necessary items required for the job offered to an employee then within a short period of performance, the employee l eaves the company for employment in another company. Any company should therefore adopt the simplest and most effective strategy of management of getting the right people, keeping these people in the company and developing the people for the benefit of the company (Social Trends 2000, Labour Market Trends, 2002). The simple strategy enhances the rest of the functions such as diversity, compensation, compliance etc. (Jones, 1991). The right choice should be made, the reasons why the people quit the company understood and make appropriate use of time to develop the potential in the people while offering opportunities for their development (Jones, 1991). Labor Productivity: The productivity of labor in any company should be cost effective. The input of labor is associated with costs which should linearly relate to the labor output value. Labor management in any business organization should be dictated by the size of the organization. For healthy cost effectiveness in labor, the existing workers should be handsomely remunerated, offered internal trainings in the work place, their skills tapped to the maximum and uplift their working morale. This essentially reduces the company’s labor costs on individual perspective and increases productivity (Social Trends 2000, Labour Market Trends, 2002). Organization Flexibility: The Company should target the profit margin while utilizing the labor resource. Much productivity should be achieved while the cost of labor should be competitive. Flexibility has been taken from the point of both financial and numerical (head count) perspectives. For appropriate coping with the flexibility in the company, both short-turn and long-term measures are at the disposal of the managerial entity of the company (Social Trends 2000, Labour Market Trends, 2002). Social Legitimacy: The citizens and nations to which the workers bear their origin are significant contributors of development and nurturing the talent inherent in these individuals. The organization employing the talents are therefore submissive to the neighboring society and the government who have the power to regulate the environment the workers are subjected to. Most companies only address the most basic and minimum responsibilities of societal concern such as health issues and safety issues. The companies are duty bound to uphold the ethical practices associated with employment issues of child labor, unionizable rights, forced labor in addition to the safety/ health issues should be accorded significant address and any complaints from employees for lack of compliance looked at (Boxall & Purcell, 2002). Globalization of the current decade has brought about competition for talents. In the circle of HRM, there exist some strategic tensions as a reality. Examples of such tension include labor scarcity and labor motivation. The labor scarcity calls for individual firms to compete actively against other companies. According to the laws advocated against forced labor any worker can terminate services in any company for an employment opportunity in another company. The ability of any company to become dominant and competitive in the market as far as labor is concerned depends to a great degree to its ability to compensate workers and avail development opportunities for its worker (Boxall & Purcell, 2002). Labor motivation creates a strategic tension as a result of the mode of relationship between the workers and their managerial staff. Both the worker and manager interact on the basis of trust element. Nobody is capable to exercise entire control over another person and in any interactions, conflict due to diversity in individual interest are un- escapable. Most businesses are based on capitalism which exhibits exploitation while the workers are more oriented towards a more pluralistic tradition. Motivation entails the level of recognition of the worker at the workplace and to what extent the tasks are seen to be interesting to the workers. The degree of trust the worker expects from the managerial staff also determines the extent of strategic tensions brought about by motivation (Boxall & Purcell, 2002). Changing Management: For the viability of the company the management should address the aspects of cost effectiveness in productivity. For flexibility within the organization and legitimacy, â€Å"employers require workers to be both dependable and disposable† (Boxall & Purcell, 2002, 17). Brilliance in performing the duties and tasks is an important component of management. Management approaches such as â€Å"Taylonism† (Scientific Management) â€Å"Human Relations Movement’ and’ Total Quality Management† (Boxall & Purcell, 2002, 18) have in the past been formulated all aimed at enhancing human resource management. The basic concept is a participative role of every employee in the company’s decision making, commitment in execution and implementation of company’s policies all of which have important bearing towards motivation of the task performing employees (Boxall & Purcell, 2002). The Theory of Performance can be adopted by managers to cope with societal changes in the work place. Boxall & Purcell, (2002) have described this theory as â€Å"High Performance work systems, HPWS (p21). It entails adding the value to each individual employee by enhancing â€Å"productivity, defect rates and the proper utilization of the factory space† (p21). In the process of improving productivity great care should be taken to avoid stressing workers. The theory aims to effectively motivate workers, to widen the company’s social legitimacy and the employees’ attitudes of the employer. Conclusion The ideal reasons as to why people in any organization perform to the standard are knowledge, expertise, skills and experience, they are beefed with the necessary motivation and incentives, and they are surrounded by a conducive working environment and are allowed appropriate channels to express themselves. The work systems of the company and the employment models of the same company are some added components of labor management acting at individual as well as collective perspectives of people’s management. Talents inherent in people in any organization play a very significant role in the company’s steps towards gaining competition advantage. Any organization requires that the existing talents are utilized with commitment of the highest order and exhibiting flexibility

Mayan Collapse

The purpose of this investigation is to find the real reason why and how Copal collapsed. Copal was placed where Honduras is today; Copal showed they were great civilization of the cultural Amman life. People wondered what happened to the once great civilization. Copal civilization had a rapid fall do to diseases, natural disasters, overpopulation, economic disruption, and many more. All those things that can happen to a civilization bring a collapse. But people around wanted evidence, from information that I read it was said there was no follow period and land was Ewing overused.This was also hipping leading into another fact that the population was getting to large more than what civilization can hold. The evidence that kind of gave you the answer of the telling of overpopulation was the skulls and bones left behind. When the skulls were found there was a question was do these to skulls have different outcomes on what happened to them? Skull #1 showed it had severe anemia which pro bably killed the Copal citizen. Skull # 1 had spongy looking areas on the back of their skull which are caused by lack of iron in diet. The percentage was 0 percent of skeleton showed they had anemia.Skull # 2 showed the Amman culture way of they had being wrapped during childhood formed into shape that Mayans are use to. The teeth were carved in an intricate pattern, something that Maya upper social classes would do. Skull # 2 was also shown that it had spongy looking areas on the on there had. This Amman noble had anemia also. The evidence has now proved this was not a gradual fall. In the forest there were plants that could have evidence In how and why Copal collapsed. These plants can tell us how it collapsed based on heir life style and how It affected the plants.These plants showed that Copal valley had a heaver return back to the forest. I reached the conclusion that there were people with anemia when they died. A constant of over farming, too big of a population for Its own civilization, and economic disruption. This to me and evidence that there was a rapid decline going on. To prevent a collapse from happening It Is said that every society should have their own needs of rules, food, labor, drinks, and trader. Also your society should have educational purposes, with a passing of certain expectations.To make sure this Is all being followed your society should provide meaning and motivation to Its members. Amman Collapse By Distant-Johnson this was not a gradual fall. In the forest there were plants that could have evidence in their life style and how it affected the plants. These plants showed that Copal valley population for its own civilization, and economic disruption. This to me and evidence that there was a rapid decline going on. To prevent a collapse from happening it is expectations. To make sure this is all being followed your society should provide meaning and motivation to its members.

Free Essays on Education Needs Change

Since the early 1980's, the issue of America's faltering public school system has become a serious concern. The crisis in K-12 education is one of the biggest challenges facing the nation. There is a great deal of evidence to show this problem. The pathetically low results of American students through international test scores is one obvious fault. Another is the failure of many students to demonstrate their knowledge of basic skills and literacy. It is surprising that such a long time has passed without any sufficient effort put forth to correct the problem. Even more surprising, is the fact that some deny that such a problem exists. The failure of the nation to adequately educate the students of America has an endless list of negative effects. With the lack of proper education, generations of kids are growing up without the basic, essential knowledge to be able to compete in the workplace. As a result of this, the U.S. stands a chance in losing its superpower reign of the world. Therefore, it is not only a social concern, but also a major economical issue. Another alarming concern is the high rate of student dropouts. Now, instead of all students receiving a poor education, some are not getting one at all. The main cause for this is the students'lack of interest in school. So much of the teaching that goes on today is based on rote and memorization. Not all learning can be exciting, and sometimes memorizing things is necessary. Although teachers should find other ways of getting the information to the students. When students are taught like this, they get bored and tired of school, and this is why they dropout. Obvoiusly, if they drop out of school, they probably aren't going to earn there degree. However, if more kids do earn their high school degrees, the country would have less unemployment. More people in the workplace then leads to a stronger and mo... Free Essays on Education Needs Change Free Essays on Education Needs Change Since the early 1980's, the issue of America's faltering public school system has become a serious concern. The crisis in K-12 education is one of the biggest challenges facing the nation. There is a great deal of evidence to show this problem. The pathetically low results of American students through international test scores is one obvious fault. Another is the failure of many students to demonstrate their knowledge of basic skills and literacy. It is surprising that such a long time has passed without any sufficient effort put forth to correct the problem. Even more surprising, is the fact that some deny that such a problem exists. The failure of the nation to adequately educate the students of America has an endless list of negative effects. With the lack of proper education, generations of kids are growing up without the basic, essential knowledge to be able to compete in the workplace. As a result of this, the U.S. stands a chance in losing its superpower reign of the world. Therefore, it is not only a social concern, but also a major economical issue. Another alarming concern is the high rate of student dropouts. Now, instead of all students receiving a poor education, some are not getting one at all. The main cause for this is the students'lack of interest in school. So much of the teaching that goes on today is based on rote and memorization. Not all learning can be exciting, and sometimes memorizing things is necessary. Although teachers should find other ways of getting the information to the students. When students are taught like this, they get bored and tired of school, and this is why they dropout. Obvoiusly, if they drop out of school, they probably aren't going to earn there degree. However, if more kids do earn their high school degrees, the country would have less unemployment. More people in the workplace then leads to a stronger and mo...

Innovative Approaches in Mandarin Language Essay

Innovative Approaches in Mandarin Language - Essay Example In oral examinations, teachers ask verbal questions to the students which they need to answer orally. Ellis-Christensen (n.d.) states, â€Å"The oral exam is a long held tradition in many schools and disciplines, which poses questions to students in spoken form†. The advantages of oral examinations for teachers include assessment of students’ level of confidence, quick assessment of students’ learning, and assessment of verbal communication skills.2.3 Task-Based ApproachTeachers can also use task-based approach (TBLT) as a creative way to teach Mandarin to students. In this approach, various tasks are given to the students in order to use the target language being taught to them. â€Å"Assessment and evaluation is not just based on accuracy and correctness of language forms† (Downing & Locke 2002). The assessment of students’ learning is based on the outcomes of those tasks that are given to students for the purpose of judgment. â€Å"TBLT starts f rom the notion that the learners learn by engaging in tasks† (Branden, Gorp & Verhelst 2007). This approach takes into account the requirement for an authentic communication. Based on the results of the outcomes, the teachers become able to analyze and improve their teaching approach if needed. Giving project assignments is another way to judge the language learning skills of students as students need to complete those projects in the new language. Teachers can give assignments to students that they need to solve without getting any sort of assistance from the teachers.

Free Trade during Colonialism vs. Free Trade during Globalization Essay

Free Trade during Colonialism vs. Free Trade during Globalization - Essay Example This paper analyses the major similarities and differences between free trade during colonialism and free trade during globalization. Free trade: Colonialism vs. globalization An unexpected transformation occurred in the aftermath of the economic downturn or depression which began in 1873 in Europe and North America. With barriers to trade rising, production standing still, and new competitors such as Germany and the United States industrializing, the search for new markets and sources of raw materials intensified in the direction of colonial expansion (Saul, n.d.). Colonial powers tried to safeguard their business interests during nineteenth and twentieth centuries rather than thinking too much about the rights of the nations under their control. The concept of free trade was another mechanism for them to exploit the resources of nations under their control. The current free trade which is the concept of globalization promotes neo-colonialism which is sharp in contrast with the prin ciples of free trade implemented by the colonial powers in the past. It should be noted that neo-colonialism is a practice of promoting capitalism, globalization and cultural co-operation between countries. In other words, current free trade has the ability to contribute heavily to the vast sectors of global population whereas the free trade during colonialism was confined within the boundaries of the nations under colonial rule. Current free trade helped â€Å"the globalization of a free market economy, the standardization and homogenization of production and the fixing of world prices in economies which are at unequal stages of economic and technological development† (In Opposition to Free Market Globalization and Neo Colonialism, We Say: No to APEC, 2004) Former Nobel Prize winner and renowned American economist Paul Krugman argued that free trade developed as a result of globalization has brought many opportunities to this world. In his opinion, â€Å"the view that free trade is the best of all possible policies is part of the general case for laissez-faire in a market economy and rests on the proposition that markets are efficient (Krugman, 1987, p.134). On the other hand, trade scenarios during colonialism were entirely different from the current trade scenario. Current market is extremely efficient and heavily competitive compared to the market in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Instead of conflict, co-operation seems to be the principle undertaken by the free trade of modern era. In other words, free trade of globalization is perceived as helpful to all countries irrespective of their socioeconomic conditions. On the other hand, free trade during colonialism suited only to the interests of the colonial powers. Theory of comparative advantage was promoted by free trade of globalization era whereas free trade policies during colonialism were revolved around the interests of the colonial powers. The theory of comparative advantage promotes the view that good of natural environment and industrial abilities of each country should be exported. It also cites that free market is another ideologically based intervention in ways that maintain the economic and political status quo (Gonzalez, 2006, p.65). Free trade evolved out of globalization, helps countries to sell their products in global markets where the